KBT via chatt vid depression och ångest

Publikationstyp: SBU:s upplysningstjänst Rapport ut202107Publicerad: 21 april 2021

Fråga och sammanfattning

Depression och ångestsyndrom är vanliga sjukdomar i Sverige. De som drabbas behandlas ofta med kognitiv beteendeterapi, KBT. Idag erbjuds KBT-behandling även som internetbaserade behandlingsprogram där patient och behandlare har möjlighet att skicka skriftliga meddelanden till varandra (chatta). Textmeddelandena kan utgöra en större eller mindre del av behandlingsprogrammet.

Fråga

Vilken sammanställd forskning finns om effekter av KBT förmedlad genom textbaserad dialog (chatt) som terapi vid depression eller ångest?

Frågeställare: Psykolog

Sammanfattning

SBU:s upplysningstjänst har efter litteratursökning och granskning av systematiska översikter inte inkluderat någon översikt i svaret. Eftersom det inte finns någon systematisk översikt med sammanställd kunskap som besvarar denna fråga presenteras inte några resultat eller slutsatser.

Sju översikter publicerade mellan år 2016 och år 2020 med närliggande men mindre avgränsade frågeställningar som även täcker in Upplysningstjänstens fråga redovisas som lästips. Översikterna har granskats både med avseende på relevans och risk för bias men endast en liten andel av de studier som ingick i översikterna befanns vara relevanta för Upplysningstjänstens fråga. I översikterna presenterades inte heller någon sammanvägning av resultat eller någon slutsats om effekterna av KBT, förmedlad genom textbaserad dialog, som terapi vid ångest eller depression.

Vid granskningen av översikterna befanns sex av de ingående primärstudierna vara relevanta för frågeställningen. Upplysningstjänsten bedömer inte risken för bias i primärstudier och därför redovisas de bara som referenser. Det går inte att utesluta att det finns fler relevanta primärstudier eftersom ingen av de funna översikterna har haft exakt samma frågeställning, samt att det kan ha tillkommit studier efter att översikterna publicerades.

Bakgrund

Depression och ångestsyndrom är vanliga sjukdomar i Sverige. Risken för vuxna kvinnor att insjukna i en depression någon gång i livet är cirka 36 procent och för män 23 procent. Ångestsyndrom är en grupp psykiska störningar som förutom ångest och oro inkluderar paniksyndrom, tvångssyndrom, social fobi, specifik fobi och posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Socialstyrelsen uppskattar att cirka 25 procent av befolkningen drabbas av ångestsyndrom någon gång under livet. Tillsammans beräknas cirka 90 procent av alla sjukskrivningar på grund av psykisk ohälsa i Sverige bero på depression och ångestsyndrom [1].

De flesta vuxna som drabbas av depression eller ångestsyndrom behandlas inom primärvården. Enligt Socialstyrelsens Nationella riktlinjer bör den erbjudna behandlingen vid lindrig till medelsvår depression bestå av psykologisk behandling med kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) eller behandling med läkemedel [1].

KBT är en form av psykoterapi där personen får hjälp med att träna in nya beteenden och tankemönster och på så sätt minska sina psykiska problem. KBT har ett strukturerat upplägg som inleds med en beteendeanalys där man kartlägger problemet och identifierar faktorer som bidrar till att vidmakthålla besvären. Förmedlingssättet kan variera och kan bestå både av fysiska möten, individuellt eller i grupp, via internetbehandlingsprogram, självhjälpsböcker eller genom videosamtal. En stor och viktig del i behandlingen utgörs av arbete med hemuppgifter [2].

De flesta regionerna i Sverige erbjuder KBT-behandling via internet efter att det gjorts en professionell bedömning av en persons tillstånd och behov. Personen får då tillgång till ett modulbaserat program via internet som också innehåller hemuppgifter. Under behandlingen har personen även möjlighet att skicka meddelanden till behandlaren som stöttar och svarar på frågor. Textmeddelandena fungerar då som ett komplement till behandlingsprogrammet. Det förekommer även att KBT ges enbart via textmeddelanden i dialog med patienten.

Avgränsningar

Vi har gjort sökningar (se avsnittet Litteratursökning) i databaserna: Medline via Ovid, PsycInfo, Embase och Cochrane Library.

Vi har formulerat frågan enligt följande PICO¹:

Population: Personer med depression eller ångestsyndrom
Intervention: KBT där personliga textmeddelanden (sms, mejl, chatt) i realtid (synkron kommunikation) utgör den primära behandlingen
Control: KBT vid fysiskt möte eller via internetbaserad modul med olika typer av stöd, väntelista, ingen behandling
Outcome: Förändring av depression och ångesttillstånd, livskvalitet, funktionsförmåga

^1. PICO är en förkortning för patient/population/problem, intervention/index test, comparison/control (jämförelseintervention) och outcome (utfallsmått).För att vi skulle inkludera en artikel i svaret krävde vi att den var publicerad på engelska eller ett av de skandinaviska språken.

Litteratursökningen i svaret har begränsats till systematiska översikter publicerade efter år 2012. Orsaken till begränsningen är att SBU:s tidigare rapport om internetförmedlad behandling vid ångest och förstämningssyndrom som publicerades år 2013 bör ha identifierat de studier som publicerats dessförinnan [3]. I rapporten beskrivs en primärstudie som är relevant för Upplysningstjänstens frågeställning [4].

Bedömning av risk för bias

Primärstudier bedöms inte för risk för bias av SBU:s upplysningstjänst eftersom det ställer krav på sakkunskap inom forskningsområdet. Det är därför möjligt att flera av de listade studierna kan ha högre risk för bias än vad SBU inkluderar i sina andra rapporttyper.

Resultat från sökningen

Upplysningstjänstens litteratursökning genererade totalt 695 artikelsammanfattningar (abstrakt) efter dubblettkontroll (Bilaga 1). En utredare på SBU läste alla artikelsammanfattningar och bedömde att 132 kunde vara relevanta. Dessa artiklar lästes i fulltext av en utredare och de artiklar som inte var relevanta för frågan exkluderades (Bilaga 2). Ingen av de granskade översikterna är inkluderade i svaret. Det finns ingen sammanställd kunskap som besvarar denna fråga och vi kommer därför inte att presentera några resultat eller slutsatser.

Systematiska översikter

SBU:s upplysningstjänst har inte inkluderat någon systematisk översikt som besvarar frågan om effekten av KBT, förmedlad genom textbaserad dialog som terapi vid ångest eller depression. Under relevansgranskningen identifierades sju översikter med närliggande men mindre avgränsade frågeställningar som täcker in Upplysningstjänstens fråga och som även har fångat upp primärstudier som är relevanta för den [5–11]. Översikterna har publicerats mellan åren 2016 och 2020. Den övervägande delen av de omkring 120 primärstudier som är inkluderade i översikterna är dock inte relevanta för Upplysningstjänstens fråga eftersom översikterna har ett annat PICO och andra avgränsningar. Ingen av översikterna redovisar några sammanvägda resultat eller slutsatser om effekten av KBT som endast är förmedlad genom textbaserad dialog som terapi vid ångest eller depression.

En granskning av studierna i översikterna visar att sammanlagt sex av primärstudierna är relevanta för Upplysningstjänstens fråga [4,12–16]. I fyra av översikterna inkluderas studier där studiepopulationen behandlas för ångest och depression [5,6,9,10], medan de tre övriga översikterna har bredare inklusionskriterier och även inkluderar andra psykiatriska tillstånd eller missbruksproblem [7,8,11]. Fem av översikterna inkluderade olika typer av text-baserade interventioner [5,7–9,11], medan övriga två även inkluderade andra digitala interventioner eller synkrona internetbaserade interventioner som exempelvis videomöten [6,10]. Ingen av översikterna har kriterier som exkluderade studier där text-meddelandena främst var ett komplement till annan psykologisk behandling som exempelvis personliga möten eller internetbaserad KBT, eller där innehållet inte var baserat på KBT.

Primärstudier

SBU:s upplysningstjänst har inte gjort en litteratursökning efter primärstudier. En granskning av sju översikter med närliggande frågeställningar visar att det finns sex primärstudier inkluderade som är relevanta för Upplysningstjänstens fråga [4,12–16]. I dessa studier behandlas personer med depression med KBT som i huvudsak ges genom textmeddelanden som webbaserad chatt eller sms. I tre av studierna ges interventionen som en preventiv behandling till ungdomar med lättare depressiva symtom och jämförs med placebomeddelanden som har fokus på hälsosam livsstil generellt [14–16]. I två studier riktar sig interventionen till vuxna med depressiva symtom bedömda enligt olika skalor och som jämförs med personer som får sedvanlig vård under tiden de väntar på KBT [4,13]. Studien av Kessler och medarbetare [4] var också inkluderad i SBU:s utvärdering av internetförmedlad psykologisk behandling från år 2013 [3]. I den sjätte studien gavs interventionen med textmeddelanden till unga med måttliga ångestsymtom eller depression bedömda med olika skalor, som själva sökt till studien. En grupp fick endast textmeddelanden medan den andra gruppen även fick uppföljande telefonsamtal [12]. Upplysningstjänsten bedömer inte risken för bias i primärstudier och därför redovisas inte studiernas resultat i text och tabell. I SBU:s utvärdering från år 2013 finns även en studie där de hälsoekonomiska aspekterna av att ge KBT via textmeddelanden har studerats [17].

Det går inte att utesluta att det finns fler relevanta primärstudier eftersom ingen av de funna översikterna har haft exakt samma frågeställning, samt att det kan ha tillkommit fler studier efter att översikterna publicerats. För att besvara Upplysningstjänstens fråga behövs därför en ny systematisk översikt som identifierar alla relevanta primärstudier och som sammanväger resultaten.

Lästips

Även de sju översikter som omnämns i avsnittet Systematiska översikter kan vara av intresse [5–11].

Projektgrupp

Detta svar är sammanställt av Irene Edebert (produktsamordnare), André Sjöberg (utredare), Sina Cornell Kärnekull (utredare), Sara Fundell (projektadministratör), Per Lytsy (sakkunnig) samt Pernilla Östlund (avdelningschef) vid SBU.

Litteratursökning

PsycINFO via EBSCO 5 November 2020

Text message based CBT for depression and anxiety

The final search result, usually found at the end of the documentation, forms the list of abstracts. AB = Abstract; AU = Author; DE = Term from the thesaurus; MH= Exact Subject Heading from CINAHL Subject Headings; MM = Major Concept; TI = Title; TX = All Text. Performs a keyword search of all the database's searchable fields; ZC = Methodology Index; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase; N = Near Operator (N) finds the words if they are a maximum of x words apart from one another, regardless of the order in which they appear.; W = Within Operator (W) finds the words if they are within x words of one another, in the order in which you entered them.
	Search terms	Items found
Population:
1.	TI (acrophobi* or ”acute stress” or ”adjustment disorder” or ”adjustment react” or aerophobi* or ”affective disorder” or agoraphobi or anxiety* or anxieties or anxiodepressive or anxious* or arachnophobi* or ”attachment disorder” or aviophobi or bipolar or ”body dysmorphic disorder” or ”body image disfunction” or ”body image disorder” or cyclophreni or cyclothymi* or dentophobi* or depressed or depression or depressive or depressiveness or depressivity or dermatillomani* or ”disinhibited social engagement disorder” or ”disruptive mood dysregulation disorder” or dysmorphophobi or dysphoria or ”dysphori* disorder” or ”dysphori syndrom” or dysthymi or emetophobi* or ”excoriation disorder” or GAD or glossophobi or ”hair pulling” or hoarding or hypochondri* or hypomani* or mania* or manic* or MDD or melanchol* or ”mood disorder” or mute or mutism or ”obsessive compulsive” or OCD or odontophobi or ”olfactory reference syndrome” or ”olfactory reference disorder” or ophidiophobi* or panic or phobi* or ((posttrauma* or ”post trauma”) N3 (disorder or neuros* or psych* or stress* or symptom* or syndrom)) or ”premenstrual syndrom” or ”prolonged grief disorder” or PTSD or ”reactive disorder” or ”skin picking” or ”transient situational disturbance” or ”traumatic stress” or trichotillomani) OR AB (acrophobi or ”acute stress” or ”adjustment disorder” or ”adjustment react” or aerophobi* or ”affective disorder” or agoraphobi or anxiety* or anxieties or anxiodepressive or anxious* or arachnophobi* or ”attachment disorder” or aviophobi or bipolar or ”body dysmorphic disorder” or ”body image disfunction” or ”body image disorder” or cyclophreni or cyclothymi* or dentophobi* or depressed or depression or depressive or depressiveness or depressivity or dermatillomani* or ”disinhibited social engagement disorder” or ”disruptive mood dysregulation disorder” or dysmorphophobi or dysphoria or ”dysphori* disorder” or ”dysphori syndrom” or dysthymi or emetophobi* or ”excoriation disorder” or GAD or glossophobi or ”hair pulling” or hoarding or hypochondri* or hypomani* or mania* or manic* or MDD or melanchol* or ”mood disorder” or mute or mutism or ”obsessive compulsive” or OCD or odontophobi or ”olfactory reference syndrome” or ”olfactory reference disorder” or ophidiophobi* or panic or phobi* or ((posttrauma* or ”post trauma”) N3 (disorder or neuros* or psych* or stress* or symptom* or syndrom)) or ”premenstrual syndrom” or ”prolonged grief disorder” or PTSD or ”reactive disorder” or ”skin picking” or ”transient situational disturbance” or ”traumatic stress” or trichotillomani) OR KW (acrophobi or ”acute stress” or ”adjustment disorder” or ”adjustment react” or aerophobi* or ”affective disorder” or agoraphobi or anxiety* or anxieties or anxiodepressive or anxious* or arachnophobi* or ”attachment disorder” or aviophobi or bipolar or ”body dysmorphic disorder” or ”body image disfunction” or ”body image disorder” or cyclophreni or cyclothymi* or dentophobi* or depressed or depression or depressive or depressiveness or depressivity or dermatillomani* or ”disinhibited social engagement disorder” or ”disruptive mood dysregulation disorder” or dysmorphophobi or dysphoria or ”dysphori* disorder” or ”dysphori syndrom” or dysthymi or emetophobi* or ”excoriation disorder” or GAD or glossophobi or ”hair pulling” or hoarding or hypochondri* or hypomani* or mania* or manic* or MDD or melanchol* or ”mood disorder” or mute or mutism or ”obsessive compulsive” or OCD or odontophobi or ”olfactory reference syndrome” or ”olfactory reference disorder” or ophidiophobi* or panic or phobi* or ((posttrauma* or ”post trauma”) N3 (disorder or neuros* or psych* or stress* or symptom* or syndrom)) or ”premenstrual syndrom” or ”prolonged grief disorder” or PTSD or ”reactive disorder” or ”skin picking” or ”transient situational disturbance” or ”traumatic stress” or trichotillomani*) OR (DE "Stress and Trauma Related Disorders" OR DE "Acute Stress Disorder" OR DE "Adjustment Disorders" OR DE "Attachment Disorders" OR DE "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder") OR (DE "Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder")) OR (DE "Complex PTSD" OR DE "DESNOS")) OR (DE "Anxiety" OR DE "Anxiety Sensitivity" OR DE "Computer Anxiety" OR DE "Health Anxiety" OR DE "Mathematics Anxiety" OR DE "Performance Anxiety" OR DE "Social Anxiety" OR DE "Speech Anxiety" OR DE "Test Anxiety")) OR (DE "Anxiety Disorders" OR DE "Castration Anxiety" OR DE "Death Anxiety" OR DE "Generalized Anxiety Disorder" OR DE "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder" OR DE "Panic Attack" OR DE "Panic Disorder" OR DE "Phobias" OR DE "Separation Anxiety Disorder" OR DE "Trichotillomania")) OR (DE "Hoarding Disorder" OR DE "Hoarding Behavior")) OR (DE "Acrophobia" OR DE "Agoraphobia" OR DE "Claustrophobia" OR DE "Ophidiophobia" OR DE "School Phobia" OR DE "Social Phobia")) OR (DE "Bipolar Disorder" OR DE "Bipolar I Disorder" OR DE "Bipolar II Disorder" OR DE "Cyclothymic Disorder" OR DE "Mania" OR DE "Hypomania")) OR (DE "Affective Disorders" OR DE "Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder" OR DE "Major Depression" OR DE "Anaclitic Depression" OR DE "Dysthymic Disorder" OR DE "Endogenous Depression" OR DE "Late Life Depression" OR DE "Postpartum Depression" OR DE "Reactive Depression" OR DE "Recurrent Depression" OR DE "Treatment Resistant Depression" OR DE "Seasonal Affective Disorder")) OR (DE "Atypical Depression")) OR (DE "Depression (Emotion)")) OR (DE "Body Dysmorphic Disorder")) OR (DE "Body Image Disturbances")) OR (DE "Hypochondriasis")) OR (DE "Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder" OR DE "Premenstrual Syndrome")) OR (DE "Mutism" OR DE "Elective Mutism")) OR (DE "Panic")) OR (DE "Post-Traumatic Stress")	555 355
Intervention: Psychological treatment
2.	TI ((ACT or (attention adj2 modification) or attention training or ((behavio* or cognitive) adj2 (activat* or component? or contracting or defusion or guidance or management or modif* or rehab* or restructur* or technique* or train)) or CBT or Cognitive behavio or DBT or dialectical behavio* or memory specificity training or mindfulness or "motivational interviewing" or ((self-care or selfcare or Self-help or selfhelp) adj3 (administered or guided or instruct* or strateg* or supervised or tool)) or ((self-administered or selfadministered) adj3 (guided or instruct or strateg* or supervised)) or self-management or support or therap* or treatment)) OR AB ((ACT or (attention adj2 modification) or attention training or ((behavio or cognitive) adj2 (activat* or component? or contracting or defusion or guidance or management or modif* or rehab* or restructur* or technique* or train)) or CBT or Cognitive behavio or DBT or dialectical behavio* or memory specificity training or mindfulness or "motivational interviewing" or ((self-care or selfcare or Self-help or selfhelp) adj3 (administered or guided or instruct* or strateg* or supervised or tool)) or ((self-administered or selfadministered) adj3 (guided or instruct or strateg* or supervised)) or self-management or support or therap* or treatment)) OR KW ((ACT or (attention adj2 modification) or attention training or ((behavio or cognitive) adj2 (activat* or component? or contracting or defusion or guidance or management or modif* or rehab* or restructur* or technique* or train)) or CBT or Cognitive behavio or DBT or dialectical behavio* or memory specificity training or mindfulness or "motivational interviewing" or ((self-care or selfcare or Self-help or selfhelp) adj3 (administered or guided or instruct* or strateg* or supervised or tool)) or ((self-administered or selfadministered) adj3 (guided or instruct or strateg* or supervised)) or self-management or support or therap* or treatment)) OR TI (behavio or cognitive) OR (DE "Brief Psychotherapy" OR DE "Motivational Interviewing" OR DE "Mutual Storytelling Technique" OR DE "Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy" OR DE "Reality Therapy" OR DE "Solution Focused Therapy" OR DE "Strategic Therapy" OR DE "Strategic Family Therapy" OR DE "Strategic Family Therapy" OR (DE "Behavior Modification" OR DE "Behavior Contracting" OR DE "Behavior Therapy" OR DE "Aversion Therapy" OR DE "Conversion Therapy" OR DE "Dialectical Behavior Therapy" OR DE "Exposure Therapy" OR DE "Implosive Therapy" OR DE "Reciprocal Inhibition Therapy" OR DE "Response Cost" OR DE "Systematic Desensitization Therapy" OR DE "Biofeedback Training" OR DE "Classroom Behavior Modification" OR DE "Contingency Management" OR DE "Token Economy Programs" OR DE "Fading (Conditioning)" OR DE "Omission Training" OR DE "Overcorrection" OR DE "Self-Management" OR DE "Self-Instructional Training" OR DE "Time Out")) OR (DE "Imaginal Exposure" OR DE "Implosive Therapy" OR DE "In Vivo Exposure" OR DE "Prolonged Exposure Therapy" OR DE "Systematic Desensitization Therapy" OR DE "Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy")) OR (DE "Cognitive Techniques" OR DE "Cognitive Restructuring" OR DE "Cognitive Therapy" OR DE "Self-Instructional Training")) OR (DE "Cognitive Behavior Therapy" OR DE "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" OR DE "Cognitive Processing Therapy" OR DE "Prolonged Exposure Therapy")) OR (DE "Mindfulness-Based Interventions" OR DE "Mindfulness")) OR DE "Relaxation Therapy" OR DE "Progressive Relaxation Therapy")) OR (DE "Self-Help Techniques" OR DE "Self-Management" OR DE "Self-Instructional Training")) OR (DE "Anxiety Management"))	1 681 075
Intervention: Internet
3.	TI (android or app or apps or blackberry or blended or cellphone or ((cell* or mobile or smart) N3 (phone* or telephone)) or chat or computer* or cyber* or digital or ”electronic mail” or e-mail or email or ”handheld device” or interactive or ”instant messag” or internet or ipad* or i-pad* or iphone* or i-phone* or messaging or ”mobile application” or multimedia or multi-media or online or on-line* or ”personal digital assistant” or ”short messag” or smartphone* or SMS or tablet* or technologyassisted or technology-assisted or technologybased or technology-based or technologydelivered or technology-delivered or technologysupported or technology-supported or ”text messag” or texting or web or webbased or webdeliver or website*) OR (DE "Mobile Devices" OR DE "Mobile Phones" OR DE "Smartphones" OR DE "Tablet Computers" OR DE "Text Messaging" OR DE "Computer Mediated Communication" OR DE "Websites" OR DE "Internet" OR DE "Computer Applications" OR DE "Mobile Applications" OR DE "Teleconferencing")	128 979
Combined sets:
4.	1 and 3 and 4	5 321
Study types: systematic reviews/meta analyses
5.	( DE "Meta Analysis" OR ZC "systematic review" OR ZC "meta analysis" OR DE "Systematic Review" ) OR ( TX (systematic* N3 review) OR TX (metaanaly OR meta-analy* OR "meta analy" ) ) OR ( TX ((systematic n3 bibliographic) OR (systematic n3 literature) OR (comprehensive* n3 literature) OR (comprehensive* n3 bibliographic) OR (integrative n3 review) OR (information n2 synthesis) OR (data n2 synthesis) OR (data n2 extract)) OR JN ("Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews") )
Limits: language, publication year
6.	limiters Language: Danish, English, Norwegian, Swedish Published Date: 20130101-20201231
Final	4 AND 5 AND 6	236

Cochrane Library via Wiley 8 November 2020

Text message based CBT for depression and anxiety

The final search result, usually found at the end of the documentation, forms the list of abstracts. :au = Author; MeSH = Term from the Medline controlled vocabulary, including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; this term only = Does not include terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; :ti = Title; :ab = Abstract; :kw = Keyword; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase; CDSR = Cochrane Database of Systematic Review; Cochrane Protocols = Protocols of systematic reviews registered in Cochrane Library; CENTRAL = Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, “trials”
	Search terms	Items found
Population:
1.	[mh ^"Adjustment disorders"] OR [mh Anxiety] OR [mh "Anxiety Disorders"] OR [mh "Bipolar and Related Disorders"] OR [mh ^"Body Dysmorphic Disorders"] OR [mh ^Depression] OR [mh ^Hoarding] OR [mh ^Hypochondriasis] OR [mh "Mood Disorders"] OR [mh Mutism] OR [mh ^Panic] OR [mh "Premenstrual Syndrome"] OR [mh "Psychological Trauma"] OR [mh ^"Reactive Attachment Disorder"] OR [mh ^"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic"] OR [mh ^"Stress Disorders, Traumatic"] OR [mh ^"Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute"] OR [mh ^Trichotillomania] OR [mh ^"Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders"] OR (acrophobi* or ”acute stress” or (adjustment next/1 disorder) or (adjustment next/1 react) or aerophobi* or (affective next/1 disorder) or agoraphobi or anxiety* or anxieties or anxiodepressive or anxious* or arachnophobi* or (attachment next/1 disorder) or aviophobi or bipolar or (body next/1 dysmorphic next/1 disorder) or (body next/1 image next/1 disfunction) or (body next/1 image next/1 disorder) or cyclophreni or cyclothymi* or dentophobi* or depressed or depression or depressive or depressiveness or depressivity or dermatillomani* or (disinhibited next/1 social next/1 engagement next/1 disorder) or ”disruptive mood dysregulation disorder” or dysmorphophobi or dysphoria or (dysphori* next/1 disorder) or (dysphori next/1 syndrom) or dysthymi or emetophobi* or (excoriation next/1 disorder) or GAD or glossophobi or ”hair pulling” or hoarding or hypochondri* or hypomani* or mania* or manic* or MDD or melanchol* or (mood next/1 disorder) or mute or mutism or ”obsessive compulsive” or OCD or odontophobi or (olfactory next/1 reference next/1 syndrome) or (olfactory next/1 reference next/1 disorder) or ophidiophobi* or panic or phobi* or ((posttrauma* or (post next/1 trauma)) NEAR/3 (disorder or neuros* or psych* or stress* or symptom* or syndrom)) or (premenstrual next/1 syndrom) or (prolonged next/1 grief next/1 disorder) or PTSD or (reactive next/1 disorder) or ”skin picking” or ”transient situational disturbance” or ”traumatic stress” or trichotillomani*):ti,kw	90 171
Intervention: Psychological treatment
2.	[mh ^Counseling] OR [mh “Directive Counseling”] OR [mh ^Motivation] OR [mh Psychotherapy] OR [mh "Relaxation Therapy"] OR [mh ^"Self Care"] OR [mh ^"Self-Help Groups"] OR [mh ^"Self-Management"] OR [mh /TH] OR (behavio* or cognitive):ti OR (ACT or (attention NEAR/2 modification) or ”attention training” or ((behavio* or cognitive) NEAR/2 (activat* or component or components or contracting or defusion or guidance or management or modif* or rehab* or restructur* or technique* or train)) or CBT or (Cognitive next/1 behavio) or DBT or (dialectical next/1 behavio) or ”memory specificity training” or mindfulness or "motivational interviewing" or ((self-care or selfcare or Self-help or selfhelp) NEAR/3 (administered or guided or instruct or strateg* or supervised or tool)) or ((self-administered or selfadministered) NEAR/3 (guided or instruct or strateg* or supervised)) or self-management or support or therap* or treatment*):ti,ab,kw	1 078 609
Intervention: Internet
3.	[mh “Cell Phone”] OR [mh “Computers, Handheld”] OR [mh ^”Electronic Mail”] OR [mh ^Internet] OR [mh ^”Mobile Applications”] OR [mh ^Multimedia] OR [mh ^”Online Systems”] OR [mh ^Software] OR [mh Videoconferencing] OR (android or app or apps or blackberry or blended or cellphone or ((cell* or mobile or smart) NEAR/3 (phone* or telephone)) or chat or Computer* or cyber* or digital or (electronic next/1 mail) or e-mail or email or handheld-device or Interactive or (instant next/1 messag) or Internet or ipad* or i-pad* or iphone* or i-phone* or messaging or (mobile next/1 application) or Multimedia or multi-media or Online or on-line* or (personal next/1 digital next/1 assistant) or (short next/1 messag) or Smartphone* or SMS or tablet* or technologyassisted or technology-assisted or technologybased or technology based or technologydelivered or technology-delivered or technologysupported or technology-supported or (text next/1 messag) or texting or Web or webbased or webdeliver or Website*):ti	37 105
Combined sets:
4.	1 and 3 and 4	3 511
Study types:
5.	Cochrane reviews
Limits: publication year
6.	publication date 01/01/2013 to 31/12/2020
Final	4 AND 5 AND 6	6

Embase via Elsevier 8 November 2020

Text message based CBT for depression and anxiety

The final search result, usually found at the end of the documentation, forms the list of abstracts. /de = Term from the EMTREE controlled vocabulary; /exp = Includes terms found below this term in the EMTREE hierarchy; /mj = Major Topic; :ab = Abstract; :au = Author; :ti = Article Title; :ti,ab = Title or abstract; * = Truncation; ' ' = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase; NEAR/n = Requests terms that are within 'n' words of each other in either direction; NEXT/n = Requests terms that are within 'n' words of each other in the order specified
	Search terms	Items found
Population:
1.	acrophobi:ti,kw OR 'acute stress':ti,kw OR 'adjustment disorder':ti,kw OR 'adjustment react':ti,kw OR aerophobi:ti,kw OR 'affective disorder':ti,kw OR agoraphobi:ti,kw OR anxiety:ti,kw OR anxieties:ti,kw OR anxiodepressive:ti,kw OR anxious:ti,kw OR arachnophobi:ti,kw OR 'attachment disorder':ti,kw OR aviophobi:ti,kw OR bipolar:ti,kw OR 'body dysmorphic disorder':ti,kw OR 'body image disfunction':ti,kw OR 'body image disorder':ti,kw OR cyclophreni:ti,kw OR cyclothymi:ti,kw OR dentophobi:ti,kw OR depressed:ti,kw OR depression:ti,kw OR depressive:ti,kw OR depressiveness:ti,kw OR depressivity:ti,kw OR dermatillomani:ti,kw OR 'disinhibited social engagement disorder':ti,kw OR 'disruptive mood dysregulation disorder':ti,kw OR dysmorphophobi:ti,kw OR dysphoria:ti,kw OR 'dysphori* disorder':ti,kw OR 'dysphori syndrom':ti,kw OR dysthymi:ti,kw OR emetophobi:ti,kw OR 'excoriation disorder':ti,kw OR gad:ti,kw OR glossophobi:ti,kw OR 'hair pulling':ti,kw OR hoarding:ti,kw OR hypochondri:ti,kw OR hypomani:ti,kw OR mania:ti,kw OR manic:ti,kw OR mdd:ti,kw OR melanchol:ti,kw OR 'mood disorder':ti,kw OR mute:ti,kw OR mutism:ti,kw OR 'obsessive compulsive':ti,kw OR ocd:ti,kw OR odontophobi:ti,kw OR 'olfactory reference syndrome':ti,kw OR 'olfactory reference disorder':ti,kw OR ophidiophobi:ti,kw OR panic:ti,kw OR phobi:ti,kw OR (((posttrauma* OR 'post trauma') NEAR/3 (disorder OR neuros* OR psych* OR stress* OR symptom* OR syndrom)):ti,kw) OR 'premenstrual syndrom':ti,kw OR 'prolonged grief disorder':ti,kw OR ptsd:ti,kw OR 'reactive disorder':ti,kw OR 'skin picking':ti,kw OR 'transient situational disturbance':ti,kw OR 'traumatic stress':ti,kw OR trichotillomani*:ti,kw OR 'prolonged grief'/exp OR 'olfactory reference syndrome'/de OR 'excoriation disorder'/de OR 'disruptive mood dysregulation disorder'/de OR 'disinhibited social engagement disorder'/de OR 'dermatillomania'/exp OR 'trichotillomania'/de OR 'psychosocial disorder'/de OR 'psychotrauma'/exp OR 'premenstrual syndrome'/de OR 'mutism'/exp OR 'minor affective disorder'/de OR 'mania'/exp OR 'major affective disorder'/de OR 'mood disorder'/de OR 'hypochondriasis'/de OR 'hoarding'/de OR 'depression'/exp OR 'body dysmorphic disorder'/de OR 'anxiety disorder'/exp OR 'anxiety'/exp OR 'adjustment disorder'/de	902 334
Intervention: Psychological treatment
2.	act:ti,ab,kw OR ((attention NEAR/2 modification):ti,ab,kw) OR 'attention training':ti,ab,kw OR (((behavio* OR cognitive) NEAR/2 (activat* OR component$ OR contracting OR defusion OR guidance OR management OR modif* OR rehab* OR restructur* OR technique* OR train)):ti,ab,kw) OR cbt:ti,ab,kw OR 'cognitive behavio':ti,ab,kw OR dbt:ti,ab,kw OR 'dialectical behavio':ti,ab,kw OR 'memory specificity training':ti,ab,kw OR mindfulness:ti,ab,kw OR 'motivational interviewing':ti,ab,kw OR ((('self care' OR selfcare OR 'self help' OR selfhelp) NEAR/3 (administered OR guided OR instruct OR strateg* OR supervised OR tool)):ti,ab,kw) OR ((('self administered' OR selfadministered) NEAR/3 (guided OR instruct OR strateg* OR supervised)):ti,ab,kw) OR 'self management':ti,ab,kw OR support:ti,ab,kw OR therap:ti,ab,kw OR treatment:ti,ab,kw OR behavio*:ti OR cognitive:ti OR 'self help'/de OR 'self care'/de OR 'motivational interviewing'/de	220 078
Intervention: Internet
3.	android:ti OR app:ti OR apps:ti OR blackberry:ti OR blended:ti OR cellphone:ti OR (((cell* OR mobile OR smart) NEAR/3 (phone* OR telephone)):ti) OR chat:ti OR computer:ti OR cyber:ti OR digital:ti OR 'electronic mail':ti OR 'e mail':ti OR email:ti OR 'handheld device':ti OR interactive:ti OR 'instant messag':ti OR internet:ti OR ipad:ti OR 'i pad':ti OR iphone:ti OR 'i phone':ti OR messaging:ti OR 'mobile application':ti OR multimedia:ti OR 'multi media':ti OR online:ti OR 'on line':ti OR 'personal digital assistant':ti OR 'short messag':ti OR smartphone:ti OR sms:ti OR tablet:ti OR technologyassisted:ti OR 'technology assisted':ti OR technologybased:ti OR 'technology based':ti OR technologydelivered:ti OR 'technology delivered':ti OR technologysupported:ti OR 'technology supported':ti OR 'text messag':ti OR texting:ti OR web:ti OR webbased:ti OR webdeliver:ti OR website:ti OR 'software'/de OR 'online system'/de OR 'multimedia'/de OR 'mobile application'/exp OR 'internet'/de OR 'e-mail'/de OR 'personal digital assistant'/de OR 'mobile phone'/exp	633 439
Combined sets:
4.	1 and 3 and 4	10 966
Study types: systematic reviews/meta analyses
5.	((systematic* NEXT/3 (review* OR overview)):ti,ab) OR ((systematic* NEXT/3 bibliographic):ti,ab) OR ((systematic NEXT/3 literature):ti,ab) OR 'meta analy':ti,ab OR metaanaly:ti,ab OR [cochrane review]/lim OR 'meta analysis'/de OR 'systematic review'/de	485 799
Limits: language, publication year
6.	([danish]/lim OR [english]/lim OR [norwegian]/lim OR [swedish]/lim) AND [2013-2020]/py
Final	4 AND 5 AND 6	581

Medline via OvidSP 5 November 2020

Text message based CBT for depression and anxiety

The final search result, usually found at the end of the documentation, forms the list of abstracts. .ab. = Abstract; .ab,ti. = Abstract or title; .af. = All fields; Exp = Term from the Medline controlled vocabulary, including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .sh. = Term from the Medline controlled vocabulary; .ti. = Title; / = Term from the Medline controlled vocabulary, but does not include terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; * = Focus (if found in front of a MeSH-term); * or $ = Truncation (if found at the end of a free text term); .mp = Text, heading word, subject area node, title; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase; ADJn = Positional operator that lets you retrieve records that contain your terms (in any order) within a specified number (n) of words of each other.
	Search terms	Items found
Population:
1.	Adjustment Disorders/ or exp Anxiety/ or exp Anxiety Disorders/ or exp "Bipolar and Related Disorders"/ or Body Dysmorphic Disorders/ or Depression/ or Hoarding/ or Hypochondriasis/ or exp Mood Disorders/ or Mutism/ or Panic/ or exp Premenstrual Syndrome/ or exp Psychological Trauma/ or Reactive Attachment Disorder/ or Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ or Stress Disorders, Traumatic/ or Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/ or Trichotillomania/ or "Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders"/ or (acrophobi* or acute stress or adjustment disorder* or adjustment react* or aerophobi* or affective disorder* or agoraphobi* or anxiety* or anxieties or anxiodepressive or anxious* or arachnophobi* or attachment disorder* or aviophobi* or bipolar or body dysmorphic disorder* or body image disfunction* or body image disorder* or cyclophreni* or cyclothymi* or dentophobi* or depressed or depression or depressive or depressiveness or depressivity or dermatillomani* or disinhibited social engagement disorder* or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder or dysmorphophobi* or dysphoria or dysphori* disorder* or dysphori* syndrom* or dysthymi* or emetophobi* or excoriation disorder* or GAD or glossophobi* or hair pulling or hoarding or hypochondri* or hypomani* or mania* or manic* or MDD or melanchol* or mood disorder* or mute or mutism or obsessive compulsive or OCD or odontophobi* or olfactory reference syndrome* or olfactory reference disorder* or ophidiophobi* or panic or phobi* or ((posttrauma* or post trauma) adj3 (disorder or neuros* or psych* or stress* or symptom* or syndrom)) or premenstrual syndrom or prolonged grief disorder* or PTSD or reactive disorder* or skin picking or transient situational disturbance or traumatic stress or trichotillomani*).ti,bt,ab,kf.	780 069
Intervention: Psychological treatment
2.	exp Relaxation Therapy/ or Self Care/ or Self-Help Groups/ or Self-Management/ or (behavio* or cognitive).ti. or (ACT or (attention adj2 modification) or attention training or ((behavio* or cognitive) adj2 (activat* or component? or contracting or defusion or guidance or management or modif* or rehab* or restructur* or technique* or train)) or CBT or Cognitive behavio or DBT or dialectical behavio* or memory specificity training or mindfulness or "motivational interviewing" or ((self-care or selfcare or Self-help or selfhelp) adj3 (administered or guided or instruct* or strateg* or supervised or tool)) or ((self-administered or selfadministered) adj3 (guided or instruct or strateg* or supervised)) or self-management or support or therap* or treatment*).ti,bt,ab,kf.	7 565 083
Intervention: Internet
3.	exp Cell Phone/ or exp Computers, Handheld/ or Electronic Mail/ or Internet/ or Mobile Applications/ or Multimedia/ or Online Systems/ or Software/ or (android or app or apps or blackberry or blended or cellphone or ((cell* or mobile or smart) adj3 (phone* or telephone)) or chat or computer* or cyber* or digital or electronic mail* or e-mail or email or handheld device* or interactive or instant messag* or internet* or ipad* or i-pad* or iphone* or i-phone* or messaging or mobile application* or multimedia or multi-media or online* or on-line* or personal digital assistant* or short messag* or smartphone* or SMS or tablet* or technologyassisted or technology-assisted or technologybased or technology-based or technologydelivered or technology-delivered or technologysupported or technology-supported or text messag* or texting or web or webbased or webdeliver* or website*).ti,bt.	374 488
Combined sets:
4.	1 and 2 and 3
Study types: systematic reviews/meta analyses
5.	(meta analysis or “systematic review”)
Limits: language, publication year
6.	(danish or english or norwegian or Swedish)
7.	(yr="2013 -Current")
Final	4 AND 5 AND 6 AND 7	209

Referenser

Socialstyrelsen. Nationella riktlinjer för vård vid depression och ångestsyndrom. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2020. Nationella riktlinjer. [accessed April 6 2021]. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/regler-och-riktlinjer/nationella-riktlinjer/riktlinjer-och-utvarderingar/depression-och-angest/.
Socialstyrelsen. KBT (Kognitiv beteendeterapi). Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. Last update date: Jan 26 2019; 2019. [accessed April 6 2021]. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/utveckla-verksamhet/evidensbaserad-praktik/metodguiden/kbt-kognitiv-beteendeterapi/.
SBU. Internetförmedlad psykologisk behandling vid ångest- och förstämningssyndrom. Stockholm: Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering (SBU); 2013. SBU Alert-rapport 2013-02. [accessed April 6 2021]. Available from: https://www.sbu.se/sv/publikationer/SBU-utvarderar/internetformedlad-psykologisk-behandling-vid-angest--och-forstamningssyndrom/.
Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61257-5.
Cox KL, Allida SM, Hackett ML. Text messages to reduce depressive symptoms: Do they work and what makes them effective? A systematic review. Health Educ J. 2020;80(3):253-71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896920959368.
Garrido S, Millington C, Cheers D, Boydell K, Schubert E, Meade T, et al. What Works and What Doesn't Work? A Systematic Review of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Young People. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:759-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00759.
Hoermann S, McCabe KL, Milne DN, Calvo RA. Application of Synchronous Text-Based Dialogue Systems in Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(8):e267. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7023.
Rathbone AL, Prescott J. The Use of Mobile Apps and SMS Messaging as Physical and Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(8):e295. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7740.
Senanayake B, Wickramasinghe SI, Chatfield MD, Hansen J, Edirippulige S, Smith AC. Effectiveness of text messaging interventions for the management of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(9):513-23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x19875852.
Varker T, Brand RM, Ward J, Terhaag S, Phelps A. Efficacy of synchronous telepsychology interventions for people with anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and adjustment disorder: A rapid evidence assessment. Psychol Serv. 2019;16(4):621-35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000239.
Watson T, Simpson S, Hughes C. Text messaging interventions for individuals with mental health disorders including substance use: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2016;243:255-62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.050.
Anstiss D, Davies A. ‘Reach Out, Rise Up’: The efficacy of text messaging in an intervention package for anxiety and depression severity in young people. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2015;58:99-103. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.011.
Kramer J, Conijn B, Oijevaar P, Riper H. Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(5):e141. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3261.
Ranney ML, Pittman SK, Dunsiger S, Guthrie KM, Spirito A, Boyer EW, et al. Emergency department text messaging for adolescent violence and depression prevention: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychol Serv. 2018;15(4):419-28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000193 .
Whittaker R, Merry S, Stasiak K, McDowell H, Doherty I, Shepherd M, et al. MEMO--a mobile phone depression prevention intervention for adolescents: development process and postprogram findings on acceptability from a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(1):e13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1857.
Whittaker R, Stasiak K, McDowell H, Doherty I, Shepherd M, Chua S, et al. MEMO: an mHealth intervention to prevent the onset of depression in adolescents: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58(9):1014-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12753.
Hollinghurst S, Peters TJ, Kaur S, Wiles N, Lewis G, Kessler D. Cost-effectiveness of therapist-delivered online cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197(4):297-304. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.073080.

Bilaga 1 Flödesschema för urval av studier

Flödesschema för urval av studier. Började att granska 695 abstrakt från databassökning och slutade med 0 inkluderade systematiska översikter

Bilaga 2 Exkluderade artiklar

Artiklar som exkluderats efter granskning i fulltext
Referens/ Reference	Reason for exclusion
Ontario health technology assessment series: Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for major depression and anxiety disorders: A health technology assessment. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2019;19(6):1-199.	I - Not distributed by chat
Aboujaoude E, Salame W, Naim L. Telemental health: A status update. World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):223-30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20218.	Wrong study design
Ahern E, Kinsella S, Semkovska M. Clinical efficacy and economic evaluation of online cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2018;18(1):25-41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2018.1407245.	I - Not distributed by chat
Andersson G, Carlbring P, Rozental A. Response and Remission Rates in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:749-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00749.	Wrong study design
Andersson G, Nordgren LB, Buhrman M, Carlbring P. Psychological treatments for depression delivered via the internet and supported by a clinician: An update. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica. 2014;19(3):217-25.	I - Not relevant treatment
Andersson G, Rozental A, Shafran R, Carlbring P. Long-term effects of internet-supported cognitive behaviour therapy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2018;18(1):21-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2018.1400381.	I - Not distributed by chat
Andersson G, Topooco N, Havik O, Nordgreen T. Internet-supported versus face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for depression. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(1):55-60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2015.1125783.	Wrong study design
Andrews G, Basu A, Cuijpers P, Craske MG, McEvoy P, English CL, et al. Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: An updated meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2018;55:70-8. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.001.	I - Not distributed by chat
Arnberg FK, Linton SJ, Hultcrantz M, Heintz E, Jonsson U. Internet-delivered psychological treatments for mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review of their efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5). Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098118.	I - Not distributed by chat
Babiano-Espinosa L, Wolters LH, Weidle B, Op De Beek V, Pedersen SA, Compton S, et al. Acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of Internet cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review. Syst Rev. 2019;8(1). Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1166-6.	I - Not distributed by chat
Basu A, Andrews G, Cuijpers P, Craske M, McEvoy P, English C, et al. Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disorders is effective, acceptable and practical healthcare: An updated meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017;51(1):117. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417702054.	Duplicate
Berrouiguet S, Baca-García E, Brandt S, Walter M, Courtet P. Fundamentals for Future Mobile-Health (mHealth): A Systematic Review of Mobile Phone and Web-Based Text Messaging in Mental Health. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(6):e135. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5066.	I - Not relevant treatment
Berry N, Lobban F, Emsley R, Bucci S. Acceptability of Interventions Delivered Online and Through Mobile Phones for People Who Experience Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(5):e121. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5250.	I - Not relevant treatment
Carlbring P, Andersson G, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Hedman-Lagerlöf E. Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther. 2018;47(1):1-18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115.	I - Not distributed by chat
Cavanagh K, Herbeck Belnap B, Rothenberger SD, Abebe KZ, Rollman BL. My care manager, my computer therapy and me: The relationship triangle in computerized cognitive behavioural therapy. Internet Interventions. 2018;11:11-9. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2017.10.005.	Wrong study design
Christ C, Schouten MJ, Blankers M, van Schaik DJ, Beekman AT, Wisman MA, et al. Internet and Computer-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e17831. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/17831.	I - Not distributed by chat
Christensen H, Batterham P, Calear A. Online interventions for anxiety disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27(1):7-13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000019.	I - Not distributed by chat
Cox KL, Allida SM, Hackett ML. Text messages to reduce depressive symptoms: Do they work and what makes them effective? A systematic review. Health Education Journal. 2020;80(3):253-71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896920959368.	I - Not relevant treatment
Dèttore D, Pozza A, Andersson G. Efficacy of technology-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for OCD versus control conditions, and in comparison with therapist-administered CBT: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015;44(3):190-211. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2015.1005660.	I - Not distributed by chat
Domhardt M, Geßlein H, von Rezori RE, Baumeister H. Internet- and mobile-based interventions for anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review of intervention components. Depress Anxiety. 2019;36(3):213-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22860.	I - Not distributed by chat
Domhardt M, Letsch J, Kybelka J, Koenigbauer J, Doebler P, Baumeister H. Are Internet- and mobile-based interventions effective in adults with diagnosed panic disorder and/or agoraphobia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2020;276:169-82. Available from: >https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.059.	P - Wrong population
Domhardt M, Steubl L, Baumeister H. Internet- and Mobile-Based Interventions for Mental and Somatic Conditions in Children and Adolescents. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2020;48(1):33-46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000625.	I - Not relevant treatment
Donker T, Blankers M, Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Petrie K, Christensen H. Economic evaluations of Internet interventions for mental health: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2015;45(16):3357-76. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001427.	I - Not distributed by chat
Dugdale S, Elison-Davies S, Semper H, Ward J, Davies G. Are Computer-Based Treatment Programs Effective at Reducing Symptoms of Substance Misuse and Mental Health Difficulties Within Adults? A Systematic Review. J Dual Diagn. 2019;15(4):291-311. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2019.1652381.	I - Not distributed by chat
Ebert DD, Van Daele T, Nordgreen T, Karekla M, Compare A, Zarbo C, et al. Internet- and mobile-based psychological interventions: Applications, efficacy, and potential for improving mental health: A report of the EFPA E-Health Taskforce. Eur Psychol. 2018;23(2):167-87.	I - Not distributed by chat
Ebert DD, Zarski AC, Christensen H, Stikkelbroek Y, Cuijpers P, Berking M, et al. Internet and computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in youth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled outcome trials. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119895. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119895.	I - Not distributed by chat
Etxeberria I, Salaberria K, Gorostiaga A. Online support for family caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies. Aging Ment Health. 2020:1-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1758900.	P - Wrong population
Etzelmueller A, Vis C, Karyotaki E, Baumeister H, Titov N, Berking M, et al. Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Care for Adults in Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e18100. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/18100.	I - Not distributed by chat
Firth J, Torous J, Nicholas J, Carney R, Pratap A, Rosenbaum S, et al. The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(3):287-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20472.	I - Not relevant treatment
Fleming T, Bavin L, Lucassen M, Stasiak K, Hopkins S, Merry S. Beyond the Trial: Systematic Review of Real-World Uptake and Engagement With Digital Self-Help Interventions for Depression, Low Mood, or Anxiety. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(6):e199. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9275.	I - Not distributed by chat
Fu Z, Burger H, Arjadi R, Bockting CLH. Effectiveness of digital psychological interventions for mental health problems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(10):851-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30256-X.	P - Wrong population
Garrido S, Millington C, Cheers D, Boydell K, Schubert E, Meade T, et al. What Works and What Doesn't Work? A Systematic Review of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Young People. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:759. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00759.	I - Not relevant treatment
Griffiths H. The Acceptability and Feasibility of Using Text Messaging to Support the Delivery of Physical Health Care in those Suffering from a Psychotic Disorder: a Review of the Literature. Psychiatr Q. 2020;91(4):1305-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09847-x.	I - Not relevant treatment
Grist R, Cavanagh K. Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Common Mental Health Disorders, What Works, for Whom Under What Circumstances? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Contemp Psychother. 2013;43(4):243-51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-013-9243-y.	I - Not relevant treatment
Grist R, Croker A, Denne M, Stallard P. Technology Delivered Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2019;22(2):147-71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0271-8.	I - Not distributed by chat
Hegerl U, Oehler C. Promises and risks of web-based interventions in the treatment of depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2020;22(2):161-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/uhegerl.	Wrong study design
Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Mateu A, Reinares M, Matic A, Vieta E, Colom F. Internet-based psychological interventions for bipolar disorder: Review of the present and insights into the future. J Affect Disord. 2015;188:1-13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.005.	I - Not distributed by chat
Hoermann S, McCabe KL, Milne DN, Calvo RA. Application of Synchronous Text-Based Dialogue Systems in Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(8):e267. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7023.	I - Not relevant treatment
Hollinghurst S, Peters TJ, Kaur S, Wiles N, Lewis G, Kessler D. Cost-effectiveness of therapist-delivered online cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197(4):297-304. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.073080.	O - Wrong Outcome
Hollis C, Falconer CJ, Martin JL, Whittington C, Stockton S, Glazebrook C, et al. Annual Research Review: Digital health interventions for children and young people with mental health problems - a systematic and meta-review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58(4):474-503. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12663.	P - Wrong population
Huguet A, Rao S, McGrath PJ, Wozney L, Wheaton M, Conrod J, et al. A Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Activation Apps for Depression. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0154248. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154248.	O - Wrong Outcome
Johnston L, Dear BF, Gandy M, Fogliati VJ, Kayrouz R, Sheehan J, et al. Exploring the efficacy and acceptability of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for young adults with anxiety and depression: an open trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014;48(9):819-27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414527524.	Wrong study design
Josephine K, Josefine L, Philipp D, David E, Harald B. Internet- and mobile-based depression interventions for people with diagnosed depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017;223:28-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.021.	I - Not distributed by chat
Karyotaki E, Ebert DD, Donkin L, Riper H, Twisk J, Burger S, et al. Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2018;63:80-92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.007.	I - Not distributed by chat
Kerst A, Zielasek J, Gaebel W. Smartphone applications for depression: a systematic literature review and a survey of health care professionals' attitudes towards their use in clinical practice. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;270(2):139-52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0974-3.	O - Wrong Outcome
Kisely S, Huguet A, Miller A, McGrath P, Rao S, Saadat N. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of internet-delivered behavioural activation. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2018;52(1):87-8.	I - Not distributed by chat
Kolovos S, van Dongen JM, Riper H, Buntrock C, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, et al. Cost effectiveness of guided Internet-based interventions for depression in comparison with control conditions: An individual-participant data meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(3):209-19. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22714.	I - Not distributed by chat
Kuester A, Niemeyer H, Knaevelsrud C. Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:1-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.004.	P - Wrong population
Köhnen M, Kriston L, Härter M, Dirmaier J, Liebherz S. Rationale and design of a systematic review: effectiveness and acceptance of technology-based psychological interventions in different clinical phases of depression management. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e028042. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028042.	Wrong study design
Lau SC, Bhattacharjya S, Fong MW, Nicol GE, Lenze EJ, Baum C, et al. Effectiveness of theory-based digital self-management interventions for improving depression, anxiety, fatigue and self-efficacy in people with neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare. 2020:1357633x20955122. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x20955122.	I - Not relevant treatment
Lau Y, Htun TP, Wong SN, Tam WSW, Klainin-Yobas P. Therapist-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Stress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(4):e138. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6712.	P - Wrong population
Lecomte T, Potvin S, Corbière M, Guay S, Samson C, Cloutier B, et al. Mobile Apps for Mental Health Issues: Meta-Review of Meta-Analyses. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020;8(5):e17458-e. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/17458.	I - Not relevant treatment
Lewis C, Roberts NP, Bethell A, Bisson JI. Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015(5). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011710.	Updated version available
Lewis C, Roberts NP, Bethell A, Robertson L, Bisson JI. Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018(12). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011710.pub2.	I - Not distributed by chat
Lewis C, Roberts NP, Simon N, Bethell A, Bisson JI. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019;140(6):508-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13079.	Duplicate
Li Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu J, Zhang C, Liu Y. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for perinatal depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(17-18):3170-82. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15378.	P - Wrong population
Linardon J, Cuijpers P, Carlbring P, Messer M, Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M. The efficacy of app‐supported smartphone interventions for mental health problems: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry 2019;18:325-336.	I - Not relevant treatment
Linardon J, Cuijpers P, Carlbring P, Messer M, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. The efficacy of app-supported smartphone interventions for mental health problems: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry. 2019;18(3):325-36. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20673.	P - Wrong population
Martínez P, Rojas G, Martínez V, Lara MA, Pérez JC. Internet-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of depression in people living in developing countries: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2018;234:193-200. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.079.	I - Not relevant treatment
Mayo-Wilson E, Montgomery P. Media-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and behavioural therapy (self-help) for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013(9):Cd005330. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005330.pub4.	I - Not relevant treatment
McCashin D, Coyle D, O'Reilly G. Qualitative Synthesis of Young People’s Experiences With Technology-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(11):e13540. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/13540.	P - Wrong population
McCombie A, Gearry R, Andrews J, Mikocka-Walus A, Mulder R. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for psychological distress in patients with physical illnesses: a systematic review. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2015;22(1):20-44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9420-0.	P - Wrong population
Meyer B, Bültmann O, Jacob G. Efficacy of deprexis, an internet-based depression treatment: A meta-analysis of ten randomized controlled trials. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019;29:S527-S8. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.782.	Wrong study design
Mogoașe C, Cobeanu O, David O, Giosan C, Szentagotai A. Internet-Based Psychotherapy for Adult Depression: What About the Mechanisms of Change? J Clin Psychol. 2017;73(1):5-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22326.	I - Not distributed by chat
Motter JN, Pimontel MA, Rindskopf D, Devanand DP, Doraiswamy PM, Sneed JR. Computerized cognitive training and functional recovery in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;189:184-91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.022.	I - Not relevant treatment
Naslund JA, Marsch LA, McHugo GJ, Bartels SJ. Emerging mHealth and eHealth interventions for serious mental illness: a review of the literature. J Ment Health. 2015;24(5):321-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2015.1019054.	P - Wrong population
O'Kearney R, Kim S, Dawson RL, Calear AL. Are claims of non-inferiority of Internet and computer-based cognitive-behavioural therapy compared with in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy for adults with anxiety disorders supported by the evidence from head-to-head randomised controlled trials? A systematic review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2019;53(9):851-65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419864433.	I - Not distributed by chat
Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Bailey K, Hayden JA, Stewart SH. Therapist-supported internet cognitive—behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults. BJPsych Adv. 2015;21(5):290-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.21.5.290.	I - Not distributed by chat
Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Bailey K, Hayden JA, Stewart SH. Therapist‐supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011565.pub2.	I - Not distributed by chat
Paganini S, Teigelkötter W, Buntrock C, Baumeister H. Economic evaluations of internet- and mobile-based interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2018;225:733-55. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.018.	I - Not distributed by chat
Park C, Zhu J, Ho Chun Man R, Rosenblat JD, Iacobucci M, Gill H, et al. Smartphone applications for the treatment of depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis and qualitative review. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2020;32(1):48-68.	I - Not distributed by chat
Paul C, Cox M, Small H, Boyes A, Rose S, Baker A, et al. Techniques for improving communication and emotional content in textonly online therapeutic communications: A systematic review. Psychooncology. 2017;26:155-6. Available from: ttps://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.4476.	I - Not relevant treatment (CBT)
Paul CL, Carey ML, Sanson-Fisher RW, Houlcroft LE, Turon HE. The impact of web-based approaches on psychosocial health in chronic physical and mental health conditions. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(3):450-71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyt053.	I - Not relevant treatment (CBT)
Peñate W, Fumero A. A meta-review of Internet computer-based psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. J Telemed Telecare. 2016;22(1):3-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x15586491.	I - Not distributed by chat
Pennant ME, Loucas CE, Whittington C, Creswell C, Fonagy P, Fuggle P, et al. Computerised therapies for anxiety and depression in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther. 2015;67:1-18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.009.	I - Not distributed by chat
Pozza A, Andersson G, Dèttore D. Therapist-guided internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2016;33:S276-S7. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.737.	I - Not distributed by chat
Rathbone AL, Prescott J. The Use of Mobile Apps and SMS Messaging as Physical and Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(8):e295. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7740.	I - Not relevant treatment
Reichel JF, Pemmireddy P, Torous J, Minen M. mHealth Interventions: Lots on the Market but are they Studied? An Analysis of mHealth Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Conditions (P1.9-068). Neurology. 2019;92(15 Supplement):P1.9-068.	Wrong study design
Reins JA, Buntrock C, Zimmermann J, Grund S, Harrer M, Lehr D, et al. Efficacy and Moderators of Internet-Based Interventions in Adults with Subthreshold Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychother Psychosom. 2021;90(2):94-106. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507819.	I - Not distributed by chat
Richards D, Richardson T, Timulak L, McElvaney J. The efficacy of internet-delivered treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Internet Interv. 2015;2(3):272-82. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2015.07.003.	I - Not distributed by chat
Rodriguez-Pulido F, Castillo G, Hamrioui S, Martin LD, Vazquez-Beltrán P, de la Torre-Díez I, et al. Treatment of Depression in Primary Care with Computerized Psychological Therapies: Systematic Reviews. J Med Syst. 2020;44(3):67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1543-7.	I - Not distributed by chat
Roman M, Constantin T, Bostan CM. The efficiency of online cognitive-behavioral therapy for postpartum depressive symptomatology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Women Health. 2020;60(1):99-112. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2019.1610824.	I - Not distributed by chat
Rooksby M, Elouafkaoui P, Humphris G, Clarkson J, Freeman R. Internet-assisted delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2015;29:83-92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.006.	I - Not distributed by chat
Rost T, Stein J, Löbner M, Kersting A, Luck-Sikorski C, Riedel-Heller SG. User Acceptance of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(9):e309. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7662.	I - Not distributed by chat
Rozental A, Andersson G, Carlbring P. In the Absence of Effects: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Non-response and Its Predictors in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Front Psychol. 2019;10:589. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00589.	S-wrong study type
Senanayake B, Wickramasinghe SI, Chatfield MD, Hansen J, Edirippulige S, Smith AC. Effectiveness of text messaging interventions for the management of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(9):513-23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x19875852.	I - Not relevant treatment
Sequeira L, Perrotta S, LaGrassa J, Merikangas K, Kreindler D, Kundur D, et al. Mobile and wearable technology for monitoring depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A scoping review. J Affect Disord. 2020;265:314-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.156.	O - Wrong Outcome
Seyffert M, Lagisetty P, Landgraf J, Chopra V, Pfeiffer PN, Conte ML, et al. Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0149139. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149139.	I - Not distributed by chat
Sijbrandij M, Kunovski I, Cuijpers P. Effectiveness of internet‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(9):783-91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22533.	I - Not distributed by chat
Simco R, McCusker J, Sewitch M. Adherence to self-care interventions for depression or anxiety: A systematic review. Health Educ J. 2014;73(6):714-30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896913514738.	I - Not distributed by chat
Simmonds-Buckley M, Bennion MR, Kellett S, Millings A, Hardy GE, Moore RK. Acceptability and Effectiveness of NHS-Recommended e-Therapies for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(10):e17049. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/17049.	I - Not distributed by chat
Simon N, McGillivray L, Roberts NP, Barawi K, Lewis CE, Bisson JI. Acceptability of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (i-CBT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a systematic review. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2019;10(1):1646092. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1646092.	I - Not distributed by chat
Sin J, Galeazzi G, McGregor E, Collom J, Taylor A, Barrett B, et al. Digital Interventions for Screening and Treating Common Mental Disorders or Symptoms of Common Mental Illness in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e20581. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/20581.	I - Not distributed by chat
So M, Yamaguchi S, Hashimoto S, Sado M, Furukawa TA, McCrone P. Is computerised CBT really helpful for adult depression?-A meta-analytic re-evaluation of CCBT for adult depression in terms of clinical implementation and methodological validity. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):113. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-113.	I - Not distributed by chat
Stasiak K, Fleming T, Lucassen MF, Shepherd MJ, Whittaker R, Merry SN. Computer-Based and Online Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016;26(3):235-45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0029.	I - Not distributed by chat
Stavropoulos V, Cokorilo S, Kambouropoulos A, Collard J, Gomez R. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Online for Adult Depression: A 10 Year Systematic Literature Review. Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews. 2019;15(3):152-70. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573400515666190628125914.	I - Not distributed by chat
Stech EP, Lim J, Upton EL, Newby JM. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther. 2020;49(4):270-93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2019.1628808.	I - Not distributed by chat
Stefanopoulou E, Hogarth H, Taylor M, Russell-Haines K, Lewis D, Larkin J. Are digital interventions effective in reducing suicidal ideation and self-harm? A systematic review. J Ment Health. 2020;29(2):207-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1714009.	I - Not distributed by chat
Sztein DM, Koransky CE, Fegan L, Himelhoch S. Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered over the Internet for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(8):527-39. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x17717402.	I - Not distributed by chat
Suh H, Sohn H, Kim T, Lee DG. A review and meta-analysis of perfectionism interventions: Comparing face-to-face with online modalities. J Couns Psychol. 2019;66(4):473-86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000355.	I - Not distributed by chat
Sunjaya AP, Chris A, Novianti D. Efficacy, patient-doctor relationship, costs and benefits of utilizing telepsychiatry for the management of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a systematic review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2020;42(1):102-10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0024.	I - Not distributed by chat
I - Not distributed by chat
Taylor C, Graham AK, Flatt RE, Waldherr K, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE. Current state of scientific evidence on Internet-based interventions for the treatment of depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eur J Public Health. 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz208.	Wrong study design
Thompson EM, Destree L, Albertella L, Fontenelle LF. Internet-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Transdiagnostic Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Mental Health Outcomes. Behav Ther. 2021;52(2):492-507. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.002.	I - Not distributed by chat
Thummathai K, Lasuka D, Sethabouppha H, Chanprasit C. Internet-based depression prevention in adolescents: A systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2013;11(6):197-206. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2013-991.	Wrong study design
Torok M, Han J, Baker S, Werner-Seidler A, Wong I, Larsen ME, et al. Suicide prevention using self-guided digital interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Digital Health. 2020;2(1):e25-e36. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30199-2.	I - Not distributed by chat
Twomey C, O'Reilly G. Meta-analysis looks at effectiveness of MoodGYM programme in computerised cognitive behavioural therapy. BMJ. 2016;354:i4221. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4221.	I - Not distributed by chat
Twomey C, O'Reilly G, Meyer B. Effectiveness of an individually-tailored computerised CBT programme (Deprexis) for depression: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2017;256:371-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.081.	I - Not distributed by chat
Twomey C, O'Reilly G, Bültmann O, Meyer B. Effectiveness of a tailored, integrative Internet intervention (deprexis) for depression: Updated meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0228100. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228100.	I - Not distributed by chat
Tønning ML, Kessing LV, Bardram JE, Faurholt-Jepsen M. Methodological Challenges in Randomized Controlled Trials on Smartphone-Based Treatment in Psychiatry: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(10):e15362. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/15362.	I - Not distributed by chat
Vaidyam AN, Linggonegoro D, Torous J. Changes to the Psychiatric Chatbot Landscape: A Systematic Review of Conversational Agents in Serious Mental Illness: Changements du paysage psychiatrique des chatbots: une revue systématique des agents conversationnels dans la maladie mentale sérieuse. Can J Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):339-48. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720966429.	I - Not distributed by chat
Vaidyam AN, Wisniewski H, Halamka JD, Kashavan MS, Torous JB. Chatbots and Conversational Agents in Mental Health: A Review of the Psychiatric Landscape. Can J Psychiatry. 2019;64(7):456-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719828977.	I - Not distributed by chat
Vallury KD, Jones M, Oosterbroek C. Computerized Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Rural Areas: A Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e139. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4145.	I - Not distributed by chat
van Ballegooijen W, Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Karyotaki E, Andersson G, Smit JH, et al. Adherence to Internet-based and face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e100674. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100674.	I - Not distributed by chat
Van der Zanden R, Curie K, Van Londen M, Kramer J, Steen G, Cuijpers P. Web-based depression treatment: associations of clients' word use with adherence and outcome. J Affect Disord. 2014;160:10-3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.005.	I - Not distributed by chat
Varker T, Brand RM, Ward J, Terhaag S, Phelps A. Efficacy of synchronous telepsychology interventions for people with anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and adjustment disorder: A rapid evidence assessment. Psychol Serv. 2019;16(4):621-35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000239.	I - Not relevant treatment
Vigerland S, Lenhard F, Bonnert M, Lalouni M, Hedman E, Ahlen J, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;50:1-10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.005.	I - Not distributed by chat
Wagner B, Rosenberg N, Hofmann L, Maass U. Web-Based Bereavement Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:525-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00525.	P - Wrong population
Wang L, Fagan C, Yu C-l. Popular mental health apps (MH apps) as a complement to telepsychotherapy: Guidelines for consideration. J Psychother Integr. 2020;30(2):265-73.	Wrong study design
Watson T, Simpson S, Hughes C. Text messaging interventions for individuals with mental health disorders including substance use: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2016;243:255-62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.050.	I - Not relevant treatment
Wehmann E, Köhnen M, Härter M, Liebherz S. Therapeutic Alliance in Technology-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Depression: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e17195. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/17195.	O - Wrong Outcome
Weightman M. Digital psychotherapy as an effective and timely treatment option for depression and anxiety disorders: Implications for rural and remote practice. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(6):300060520928686. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520928686.	Wrong study design
Wells MJ, Owen JJ, McCray LW, Bishop LB, Eells TD, Brown GK, et al. Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Depression in Primary Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2018;20(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.17r02196.	I - Not distributed by chat
Westerhoff B, Trösken A, Renneberg B. about:blank? Online Interventions for Postpartum Depression. Verhaltenstherapie. 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1159/000501779.	I - Not distributed by chat
White V, Linardon J, Stone JE, Holmes-Truscott E, Olive L, Mikocka-Walus A, et al. Online psychological interventions to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general distress in those with chronic health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med. 2020:1-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720002251.	P - Wrong population
Wootton BM. Remote cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:103-13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.001.	P - Wrong population
Wright JH. Can computer technology enhance treatment delivery? Psychother Psychosom. 2019;88:138.	I - Not distributed by chat
Wright JH, Owen JJ, Richards D, Eells TD, Richardson T, Brown GK, et al. Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019;80(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.18r12188.	I - Not distributed by chat
Xiang X, Wu S, Zuverink A, Tomasino KN, An R, Himle JA. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapies for late-life depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2020;24(8):1196-206. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1590309.	I - Not distributed by chat
Yang D, Hur J-W, Kwak YB, Choi S-W. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Applicability of Web-Based Interventions for Individuals with Depression and Quality of Life Impairment. Psychiatry Investig. 2018;15(8):759-66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2018.03.15.	I - Not distributed by chat
Ye YY, Zhang YF, Chen J, Liu J, Li XJ, Liu YZ, et al. Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (ICBT-i) Improves Comorbid Anxiety and Depression-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0142258. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142258.	I - Not distributed by chat
Yim SJ, Lui LMW, Lee Y, Rosenblat JD, Ragguett R-M, Park C, et al. The utility of smartphone-based, ecological momentary assessment for depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:602-9. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.116.	I - Not relevant treatment
Zhou T, Li X, Pei Y, Gao J, Kong J. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):356. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1061-9.	I - Not relevant treatment
Zou BJ, Tovar Hernandez AP, Bellonci C. 2.26 Internet-Based Programs Are Effective in Youth Behavioral Health. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(10, Supplement):S185-S6. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.106.	Wrong study design

KBT via chatt vid depression och ångest

Fråga och sammanfattning

Fråga

Sammanfattning

Bakgrund

Avgränsningar

Bedömning av risk för bias

Resultat från sökningen

Systematiska översikter

Primärstudier

Lästips

Projektgrupp

Litteratursökning

PsycINFO via EBSCO 5 November 2020

Cochrane Library via Wiley 8 November 2020

Embase via Elsevier 8 November 2020

Medline via OvidSP 5 November 2020

Referenser

Bilaga 1 Flödesschema för urval av studier

Bilaga 2 Exkluderade artiklar

KBT via chatt vid depression och ångest

SBU:s upplysningstjänst

Liknande rapporter

Sökord

Fråga till SBU:s upplysningstjänst

Sammanfattning SBU:s upplysningstjänst

Mer inom ämnet

Tema: Barn & Ungdom