Orthodontics

Risk of bias Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Systematic reviews with high risk of bias

Methods Prevention Diagnostics Treatment

The number in the symbols represent the number of articles. The same article may appear in more than one place in the graph. Hover over a symbol to see details with links to the articles. Use the drop-down menus above the graph to filter which articles are to be displayed.

		Method
		Prevention	Diagnostics	Treatment
Field	Removable appliances and interceptive treatment			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Koletsi (2018) Medeiros (2018) Almasoud (2017) Al-Moghrabi (2017) Brezulier (2017) Livas (2017) Papageorgiou (2017) Bhujel (2016) Nucera (2016) Henriques (2015) Perinetti (2015) Sunnak (2015) Homem (2014) Parkin (2012) Marsico (2011)
	Treatment of Class II and III malocclusions			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Almuzian (2018) Huang (2018) Lin (2018) Ming (2018) Nucera (2018) Rodriguez de Guzman-Barrera (2017) Woon (2017) Bock (2016) Zymperdikas (2016) D'Anto (2015) Koretsi (2015) Chatzoudi (2014) Cordasco (2014) Yang (2014) Yepes (2014) Janson (2013) Thiruvenkatachari (2013) Watkinson (2013) Feng (2012) Millett (2012) Minami-Sugaya (2012) Fudalej (2011) Liu (2011) Toffol (2008) Flores-Mir (2007) Harrison (2007)
	Treatment of open or deep bite			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Batista (2018) Millett (2018) Alsafadi (2016) Pisani (2016) Lentini-Oliveira (2014) Huang (2012) Greenlee (2011)
	Treatment with fixed appliances, different bracket systems or lingual orthodontics			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Chen (2018) Jiang (2018) Kouvelis (2018) Makrygiannakis (2018) Mandall (2018) Mohammed (2018) Papadimitriou (2018) Sun (2018) Vieira (2018) Wang (2018) Yang (2018) Ata-Ali (2017) Jing (2017) Millett (2017) Mousoulea (2017) Papageorgiou (2017) Rizk (2017) Ishaq (2016) Millett (2016) Papageorgiou (2016) Silveira (2016) El-Angbawi (2015) Perinetti (2015) Janiszewska-Olszowska (2014) Pandis (2014) Papageorgiou (2014) Papageorgiou (2014) Fleming (2013) Hu (2013) Jambi (2013) Jian (2013) Fleming (2012) Mickenautsch (2012) Chen (2010) Fleming (2010) Kuijpers (2010) Millett (2009)
	Treatment of posterior crossbites with maxillary expansion (fixed and removable appliances)			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Algharbi (2018) Davoudi (2018) Lo Giudice (2018) Skondra (2018) Buck (2017) Liu (2015) Zenobio (2015) Agostino (2014) Zhou (2014) Bazargani (2013) Zuccati (2013) Baratieri (2011) Borrie (2011) Petren (2003) Harrison (2001)
	Prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment	Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Benson (2013)		Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Fernandez-Ferrer (2018) Indrapriyadharshini (2018) Lima (2018) Mohammed (2018) Samandara (2018) Hochli (2017) Sonesson (2017) Lopatiene (2016) Nascimento (2016) Okada (2016) Tang (2016) Chen (2013) Kaklamanos (2008) Goh (2007) Benson (2005)
	Complications or side and adverse effects such as root resorption and pain		Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Deng (2018) Forst (2014)	Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Almosa (2018) Kamber (2018) Deana (2017) Monk (2017) Sandhu (2017) Fleming (2016) Sandhu (2016) Starch-Jensen (2016) Gölz (2015) Javed (2015) Li (2015) Roscoe (2015) Shi (2015) Tieu (2014) Ioannidou-Marathiotou (2013) Long (2013) Walker (2013) Angelopoulou (2012) von Bohl (2012) Xiaoting (2010)
	Mini implants (miniscrews)			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Alharbi (2018) Kakali (2018) Meyns (2018) Mohammed (2018) Antoszewska-Smith (2017) Cunha (2017) Jayaratne (2017) Hong (2016) Meursinge Reynders (2016) Somar (2016) Jambi (2014) Grec (2013) Morales-Fernandez (2013) Papageorgiou (2012) Fudalej (2011) Papadopoulos (2011) Feldmann (2006)
	Longterm retention			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Al Rahma (2018) Al-Moghrabi (2016) Littlewood (2016) Iliadi (2015) Rossini (2015) Mai (2014) Yu (2013) Littlewood (2006)
	Orthodontic treatment in combination with maxillofacial surgery			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Grisar (2018) Raposo (2018) Sampaziotis (2018) Viwattanatipa (2018) Wei (2018) Parkin (2017) Yang (2017) Fernández-Ferrer (2016) Hamedi Sangsari (2016) Incerti-Parenti (2016) de Souza (2015) Fleming (2015) Kalemaj (2015) Sonego (2014) Lee (2013) Saltaji (2012) Tan (2011) Chambrone (2008) Mucedero (2008)
	Technologies to accelerate tooth movements			Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Gil (2018) Meng (2017) Alfawal (2016) de Almeida (2016) Patterson (2016) Ge (2015) Long (2015) Gkantidis (2014) Long (2013)
	Other areas such as quality of life		Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Thierens (2018) Rossini (2016) Pacheco-Pereira (2015) Durao (2013) Fleming (2011) Guerrero (2011)	Systematic reviews with moderate or low risk of bias Almurtadha (2018) Javed (2018) Jimenez-Silva (2018) Konstantonis (2018) Lu (2018) Papageorgiou (2018) Tepedino (2018) Buzatta (2017) Javidi (2017) Kannan (2017) López-Estudillo (2017) Piassi (2016) Zasciurinskiene (2016) Zhu (2016) Aljabaa (2015) Almeida (2015) Chen (2015) Hu (2015) Lopes Filho (2015) Rossini (2015) Kloukos (2014) Zhou (2014) Altalibi (2013) Andrade (2013) Livas (2013) Perinetti (2013) Rischen (2013) Bollen (2008) Mohlin (2007) Flores-Mir (2006) Flores-Mir (2006) Major (2006)
	Not subgrouped due to high risk of bias	Systematic reviews with high risk of bias Migliorati (2015) Gray (2008) Tunison (2008) Derks (2004)	Systematic reviews with high risk of bias Tadinada (2016) Samsonyanova (2014) Sharshar (2012) van Vlijmen (2012) Plooij (2011)	Systematic reviews with high risk of bias Bahije (2018) Ben Mohimd (2018) Ellabban (2018) Hanisch (2018) Huang (2018) Imani (2018) Kannan (2018) Linjawi (2018) Magkavali-Trikka (2018) Mohamed (2018) Saber (2018) Verrusio (2018) Al-Thomali (2017) Al-Thomali (2017) Camacho (2017) De Guzmán-Barrera (2017) Downarowicz (2017) Elhaddaoui (2017) Gintautaite (2017) Islam (2017) Khan (2017) Ogundipe (2017) Pelo (2017) Rahimi (2017) Seifi (2017) Xiang (2017) Ata-Ali (2016) Breik (2016) Cuoghi (2016) Kiliaridis (2016) Leo (2016) Mousoulea (2016) Tsanidis (2016) Tsichlaki (2016) Al-Jewair (2015) Andiappan (2015) Ehsani (2015) Faria (2015) Fernandez-Gonzalez (2015) Hassan (2015) Kalantar Motamedi (2015) Kulshrestha (2015) Liem (2015) Ren (2015) Rodriguez-Grandjean (2015) Verhoef (2015) Zhang (2015) Batmaraj (2014) Dalessandri (2014) Grewal Bach (2014) Hoogeveen (2014) Lapenaite (2014) Nienkemper (2014) Pittayapat (2014) Rodriguez (2014) Sousa (2014) Alsamak (2013) Celar (2013) Farronato (2013) Fleming (2013) Galvao (2013) He (2013) Jacob (2013) Livas (2013) Solano-Hernandez (2013) De Gijt (2012) Meursinge Reynders (2012) Sharshar (2012) Thilander (2012) Tsui (2012) Aziz (2011) Bergstrand (2011) Golz (2011) Li (2011) Naoumova (2011) Pazzini (2011) Perillo (2011) von Bremen (2011) Zhylich (2011) Crismani (2010) Joss-Vassalli (2010) Leonardi (2010) Mikulewicz (2010) Reichert (2010) Rogers (2010) Verstraaten (2010) Viglianisi (2010) Weltman (2010) Bartzela (2009) Chen (2009) Hashish (2009) Reynders (2009) Riley (2009) Schatzle (2009) von Bohl (2009) Antonarakis (2008) Barlow (2008) Mavreas (2008) Thilander (2008) Antonarakis (2007) Cozza (2006) Ng (2006) Ohashi (2006) Chadwick (2005) Cozza (2005) Labanauskaite (2005) Lagravere (2005) Lagravere (2005) Lagravere (2005) Lagravere (2005) Ng (2005) Ren (2003) Chen (2002) Kim (2002) Jager (2001)

The table is based on the report Dentistry – systematic reviews investigating methods for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment