Twelve step programmes in compulsory care for patients with substance abuse disorder

The twelve step programme is a method for treatment and recovery from substance use disorders and other behavioural addictions. Professional twelve step treatment is based on the recovery path laid out in Alcoholics Anonymous mutual aid groups, and is led by addiction counsellors with personal experience of addiction.

Reading time approx. 22 minutes Published: June 27, 2023 Publication type:

SBU Enquiry Service

Consists of structured literature searches to highlight studies that can address questions received by the SBU Enquiry Service from Swedish healthcare or social service providers. We assess the risk of bias in systematic reviews and when needed also quality and transferability of results in health economic studies. Relevant references are compiled by an SBU staff member, in consultation with an external expert when needed.

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Published: June 27, 2023 Report no: ut202325 Registration no: SBU 2023/344

Question

What scientific studies have been published regarding the effect of professional twelve step programmes for patients in compulsory care for substance use disorder?

Method

A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: MedLine, Scopus, PsycInfo, SocIndex and Criminal Justice Abstracts.
Two authors independently assessed the abstracts of all identified studies.
Risk of bias in relevant systematic reviews was assessed using an assessment tool based on AMSTAR.

Identified literature

No relevant systematic reviews or primary studies were identified.

Search strategies

Search strategy A

Medline via OvidSP 5 Apr 2023

Title: 12 Step programmes in involuntary residential substance abuse care
Search terms		Items found
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp = Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation; .af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other.; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Intervention: 12 step programmes
1.	Alcoholics Anonymous/	1 253
2.	(12 step or twelve step or alcoholics anonymous or narcotics anonymous or Minnesota model).ab,bt,kf,ti.	1 941
3.	1 or 2	2 538
Setting: Involuntary residential substance abuse care
4.	Custodial Care/	190
5.	Involuntary Treatment/	121
6.	Residential Treatment/	3 307
7.	Involuntary Commitment/	72
8.	Coercion/	5 021
9.	exp Correctional Facilities/	11 337
10.	(involuntary or non voluntary or detention or detain* or correctional or forensic or prison* or incarce* or custod* or coerc* or restraint or institutionali*).ab,kf,ti,bt.	156 526
11.	((forced or forcibl* or compulsory or mandatory or mandated or institution* or residential or locked) adj4 (care or treat* or setting* or hospitali* or psychiatr* or unit* or ward* or admission or admit* or commit*)).ab,kf,ti,bt.	66 893
12.	or/4-11	225 606
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
13.	((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys" or metaanalys).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/))
Combined sets:
14.	3 and 13 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)]	50
15.	3 and 12 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care)]	209
Final result
	14 or 15	253

Scopus via scopus.com 5 Apr 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in involuntary residential substance abuse care
Search terms		Items found
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords); ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words.; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range.; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Intervention: 12 step programmes
1.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model” )	5 575
Setting: Involuntary residential substance abuse care
2.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) W/3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR psychiatry* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* ) )	120 691
3.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR prison* OR incarce* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR restraint)	544 277
4.	2 OR 3	612 313
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematic W/2 review ) OR "meta analy* OR metaanaly* ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”))
Combined sets:
6.	1 AND 5 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)]	84
7.	1 AND 4 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care)]	372
Final result
	6 OR 7	420

PSYCINFO via EBSCO 5 Apr 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in involuntary residential substance abuse care
Search terms		Items found
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Intervention: 12 step programmes
1.	TI ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model” ) OR SU ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model”) OR AB ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") OR DE (“Twelve Step Programs” OR “Minnesota model”) OR DE (“Alcoholics Anonymous”)	3 488
Setting: Involuntary residential substance abuse care
2.	(DE "Involuntary Treatment") OR (DE "Residential Care Institutions") OR (DE "Correctional Institutions")	16 127
3.	TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*))	166 260
4.	2 OR 3	166 260
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5.	TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")
Combined sets:
6.	1 AND 5 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)]	29
7.	1 AND 4 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care)]	266
Final result
	6 OR 7	294

SOCIndex via EBSCO 5 Apr 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in involuntary residential substance abuse care
Search terms		Items found
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Intervention: 12 step programmes
1.	TI ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model”) ) ) OR SU ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model”) ) ) OR AB ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model”) ) )	1 377
Setting: Involuntary residential substance abuse care
2.	TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*))	133 168
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
3	TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys)
Combined sets:
4.	1 AND 3 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)]	15
5.	1 AND 2 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care)]	146
Final result
	4 OR 5	161

Criminal Justice Abstracts via EBSCO 5 Apr 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in involuntary residential substance abuse care
Search terms		Items found
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Intervention: 12 step programmes
1.	TI ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model”) ) ) OR SU ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model”) ) ) OR AB ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" OR “Minnesota model” ) ) )	628
Setting: Involuntary residential substance abuse care
2.	TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*))	99 000
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
3.	TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys)
Combined sets:
4.	1 AND 3 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)]	13
5.	1 AND 2 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care)]	56
Final result
	4 OR 5	69

Search strategy B

Medline via OvidSP 26 January 2023

Title: Involuntary substance abuse treatment
Search terms		Items found
Population: LVM
1.	exp Substance-Related Disorders/	306 741
2.	Alcoholics/	871
3.	Drug Users/	3935
4.	exp Illicit Drugs/	13 916
5.	exp Synthetic Drugs/	1974
6.	Hallucinogens/	7290
7.	((alcohol or amphetamin* or cannabis or cocaine or crack or hallucinogen* or heroin or inhalant* or marijuana or narcotic* or phencyclidine* or psychedelic* or substance* or illicit drug) adj4 (abuse or addict or dependen* or disorder* or misuse or “use”)).ab,bt,kf,ti.	200 647
8.	((drug or opiate* or opioid) adj4 (abuse or addict or dependen* or disorder* or misuse)).ab,bt,kf,ti.	76 911
9.	or/1-8 Population Missbruk	443 766
Setting:
10.	Custodial Care/	190
11.	Involuntary Treatment/	121
12.	Residential Treatment/	3308
13.	Involuntary Commitment/	72
14.	Coercion/	5020
15.	exp Correctional Facilities/	11 327
16.	(involuntary or non voluntary or detention or detain* or correctional or forensic or prison* or incarce* or custod* or coerc* or restraint or institutionali*).ab,kf,ti,bt.	156 202
17.	(((forced or forcibl* or compulsory or mandatory or mandated or institutional or residential or locked) adj4 (care or treat* or setting* or hospitali* or psychiatr* or unit* or ward* or admission or admit* or commit*)).ab,kf,ti,bt.	33 723
18.	or/10-17 Setting	195 018
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
19.	((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys" or metaanalys).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/))
Combined sets:
20.	9 and 18 and 19 [Missbruk and tvång and SÖ]	354
Final result
		354
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp = Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other.; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase

Scopus via scopus.com 26 January 2023

Title: Involuntary substance abuse treatment
Search terms		Items found
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords); ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words.; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range.; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Population: Substance abuse
1.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( alcoholi* OR ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug”) W/3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) OR ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) W/3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) )	594 026
Setting: Involuntary treatment
2.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) W/3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR psychiatry* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* ) )	75 059
3.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR prison* OR incarce* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR restraint)	543 161
4.	2 OR 3	611 142
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5.	TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematic W/2 review ) OR "meta analy" OR metaanaly ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”))
Combined sets:
6.	1 AND 4 AND 5 [Population (Substance Abuse) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care) and Study Type (Systematic Reviews)]	556
Final result
		556

PSYCINFO via EBSCO 26 January 2023

Title: Involuntary substance abuse treatment
Search terms		Items found
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Population: Substance abuse
1.	(DE "Substance Use Disorder" OR DE "Addiction" OR DE "Alcohol Use Disorder" OR DE "Cannabis Use Disorder" OR DE "Drug Abuse" OR DE "Drug Dependency" OR DE "Inhalant Abuse" OR DE "Opioid Use Disorder" OR DE "Addiction Treatment" OR DE "Alcohol Treatment" OR DE "Drug Addiction")	98 988
2.	TI alcoholi* OR SU alcoholi* OR AB alcoholi*	63 905
3.	TI ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug”) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamine* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug” ) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamine* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug” ) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) )	199 171
4.	TI ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) )	100 251
5.	1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4	258 825
Setting: Involuntary treatment
6.	(DE "Involuntary Treatment") OR (DE "Residential Care Institutions") OR (DE "Correctional Institutions")	16 105
7.	TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*))	160 360
8.	6 OR 7	160 360
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
9.	TI((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR AB((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR SU((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")
Combined sets:
10.	5 AND 8 AND 9 [Population (LVM) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care) and Study Type (Systematic Reviews)]	265
Final result
		265

SOCIndex via EBSCO 26 January 2023

Title: Involuntary substance abuse treatment
Search terms		Items found
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Population: Substance abuse
1.	TI alcoholi* OR SU alcoholi* OR AB alcoholi*	29 959
2.	TI ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug”) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug” ) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug” ) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) )	62 356
3.	TI ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) )	41 537
4.	1 OR 2 OR 3	99 024
Setting: Involuntary treatment
5.	TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*))	130 423
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
6.	TI((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR AB((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR SU((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")
Combined sets:
7.	4 AND 5 AND 6 [Population (LVM) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care) and Study Type (Systematic Reviews)]	84

Final result
		84

Criminal Justice Abstracts via EBSCO 26 January 2023

Title: Involuntary substance abuse treatment
Search terms		Items found
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Population: Substance abuse
1.	TI alcoholi* OR SU alcoholi* OR AB alcoholi*	12 523
2.	TI ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug”) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug” ) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( alcohol OR amphetamin* OR cannabis OR cocaine OR crack OR hallucinogen* OR heroin OR inhalant* OR marijuana OR narcotic* OR phencyclidine* OR psychedelic* OR substance* OR “illicit drug” ) N3 ( abuse OR addict OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse OR use ) ) )	42 202
3.	TI ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( drug* OR opiate* OR opioid* ) N3 ( abuse OR addict* OR dependen* OR disorder* OR misuse ) ) ) )	22 258
4.	1 OR 2 OR 3	56 645
5.	TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*))	98 462
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
6.	TI((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR AB((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR SU((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys" OR metaanalys) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")
Combined sets:
7.	4 AND 5 AND 6 [Population (LVM) and Setting (Involuntary Residential Care) and Study Type (Systematic Reviews)]	122
Final result
8.		122

Page published June 27, 2023

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