Twelve step programmes for adolescents in institutional care

The twelve step programme is a method for treatment and recovery from substance use disorders and other behavioural addictions. Professional twelve step treatment is based on the recovery path laid out in Alcoholics Anonymous mutual aid groups, and is led by addiction counsellors with personal experience of addiction. Although primarily used for treatment of adults with substance use disorders, professional twelve step programmes have been adapted for other populations as well.

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SBU Enquiry Service

Consists of structured literature searches to highlight studies that can address questions received by the SBU Enquiry Service from Swedish healthcare or social service providers. We assess the risk of bias in systematic reviews and when needed also quality and transferability of results in health economic studies. Relevant references are compiled by an SBU staff member, in consultation with an external expert when needed.

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Published: Report no: ut202324 Registration no: SBU 2023/342

Question

What scientific studies have been published regarding the effect of professional twelve step programmes for adolescents in institutional care?

Method

A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: MedLine, Scopus, PsycInfo, SocIndex and Criminal Justice Abstracts.
Two authors independently assessed the abstracts of all identified studies.
Risk of bias in relevant systematic reviews was assessed using an assessment tool based on AMSTAR.

Identified literature

No relevant systematic reviews or primary studies were identified.

Search strategies

Search strategy A

Medline via OvidSP 5 april 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in residential youth care
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp = Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation; .af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other.; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search termsItems found
Intervention:
1. Alcoholics Anonymous/ 1 253
2. (12 step or twelve step or Minnesota model or alcoholics anonymous or narcotics anonymous).ab,bt,kf,ti. 1 941
3. 1 or 2 2 538
Setting:
4. Custodial Care/ 190
5. Involuntary Treatment/ 121
6. Residential Treatment/ 3 307
7. Involuntary Commitment/ 72
8. Coercion/ 5 021
9. exp Correctional Facilities/ 11 337
10. Foster Home Care/ 3 865
11. Group Homes/ 1 019
12. Orphanages/ 488
13. (involuntary or non voluntary or detention or detain* or correctional or forensic or prison* or incarce* or custod* or coerc* or restraint or institutionali*).ab,kf,ti,bt. 156 526
14. ((forced or forcibl* or compulsory or mandatory or mandated or institution* or residential or locked) adj4 (care or treat* or setting* or hospitali* or psychiatr* or unit* or ward* or admission or admit* or commit*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 66 893
15. ((foster or group or placement) adj3 (care or home*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 26 131
16. or/4-15 253 126
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
17. ((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys*" or metaanalys*).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/))  
Combined sets:
18. 3 and 17 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)] 50
19. 3 and 16 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Residential Care)] 222
Final result
  18 OR 19 266

Scopus via scopus.com 5 april 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in residential youth care
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords); ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words.; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range.; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention:
1. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous" ) 5 575
Setting:
2. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) W/3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR psychiatr* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* ) ) 120 691
3. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR prison* OR incarce* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR restraint) 544 277
4. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( fosterORgroupORplacement )W/2( careORhome* ) ) 51 114
5. 2 OR 3 OR 4 699 672
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
6. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematicW/2review ) OR "meta analy*"ORmetaanaly* ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”))  
Combined sets:
7. 1 AND 6 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)] 84
8. 1 AND 5 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Residential Care)] 393
Final result
  7 OR 8 493

PSYCINFO via EBSCO 5 april 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in residential youth care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention: 12 step programmes
1. TI ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") OR SU ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") OR AB ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") OR DE (“Twelve Step Programs”) OR DE (“Alcoholics Anonymous”) 3 488
Setting:
2. (DE "Involuntary Treatment") OR (DE "Residential Care Institutions") OR (DE "Correctional Institutions") 16 127
3. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 166 260
4. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 22 314
5. 2 OR 3 OR 4 184 409
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
6. TI((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic n3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
7. 1 AND 6 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)] 29
8. 1 AND 5 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Residential Care)] 284
Final result
  7 OR 8 312

SOCIndex via EBSCO 5 April 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in residential youth care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention:
1. TI ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") ) ) OR SU ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") ) ) OR AB ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") ) ) 1 377
Setting:
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 130 434
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 12 024
4. 2 OR 3 142 610
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*)  
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 5 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)] 15
7. 1 AND 4 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Residential Care)] 151
Final result
  6 OR 7 166

Criminal Justice Abstracts via EBSCO 5 Apr 2023

Title: 12 step programmes in residential youth care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention:
1. TI ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") ) ) OR SU ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") ) ) OR AB ( ( "12 step" OR "twelve step" OR “Minnesota model” OR "alcoholics anonymous" OR "narcotics anonymous") ) ) 628
Setting:
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 99 000
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 3 496
4. 2 OR 3 101 592
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*)  
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 5 [Intervention(12 step) and Study type (Systematic review)] 13
7. 1 AND 4 [Intervention (12 step) and Setting (Residential Care)] 58
Final result
  6 OR 7 71

Search strategy B

Medline via OvidSP 27 Jan 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp = Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation; .af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other.; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. Minors/ 2 787
2. Adolescent/ 2 200 267
3. Young Adult/ 1003438
4. Child/ 1 885 456
5. Adolescent, Institutionalized/ 148
6. Child, Institutionalized/ 1 937
7. Child, Foster/ 183
8. (adolescent* or young or youth or teenage* or juvenile or minor* or child or children or boy* or girl*).ab,kf,ti,bt. 2 543 392
9. or/1-8 4 758 456
Setting: Youth care
10. Custodial Care/ 190
11. Involuntary Treatment/ 121
12. Residential Treatment/ 3 308
13. Involuntary Commitment/ 72
14. Coercion/ 5 021
15. exp Correctional Facilities/ 11 330
16. Foster Home Care/ 3 864
17. Group Homes/ 1 019
18. Orphanages/ 488
19. (involuntary or non voluntary or detention or detain* or correctional or forensic or prison* or incarce* or custod* or coerc* or restraint or institutionali*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 156 251
20. (((forced or forcibl* or compulsory or mandatory or mandated or institution* or residential or locked) adj4 (care or treat* or setting* or hospitali* or psychiatr* or unit* or ward* or admission or admit* or commit*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 66 782
21. ((foster or group or placement) adj3 (care or home*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 26 024
22. Or/10-21 252 293
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
23. ((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys*" or metaanalys*).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/))  
Combined sets:
24. 9 and 22 and 23 1 054
Final result
    1 054

Scopus via scopus.com 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords); ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words.; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range.; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child OR children OR boy* OR girl* ) 6 915 331
Setting: Youth care
2. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) W/3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR psychiatr* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* ) ) 122 839
3. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR prison* OR incarce* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR restraint) 543 327
4. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) W/2 ( care OR home* ) ) 51 018
5. 2 OR 3 OR 4 700 221
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
6. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematic W/2 review ) OR "meta analy*" OR metaanaly* ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”))  
Combined sets:
7. 1 AND 5 AND 6 1 933
Final result
    1 933

PSYCINFO via EBSCO 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. AG (adolescence OR "school age" OR "young adulthood") 1 116 135
2. TI ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR AB ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR SU ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) 1 415 128
3. 1 OR 2 1 860 619
Setting: Youth care
4. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 166 031
5. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 22 283
6. 4 OR 5 184 152
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
7. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
8. 3 AND 6 AND 7 888
Final result
    888

SocIndex via EBSCO 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. TI ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR AB ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR SU ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) 473 825
Setting: Youth care
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 133 347
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 12 012
4. 2 OR 3 142 503
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 4 AND 5 319
Final result
    319

Criminal Justice Abstracts via EBSCO 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. TI ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR AB ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR SU ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) 134 857
Setting: Youth care
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 98 888
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 3 461
4. 2 OR 3 101 474
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 4 AND 5 246
Final result
    246
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